What a Fish Knows

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Do fishes think? Do they have three-second memories? In this exploration of fish behavior, ethologist Jonathan Balcombe addresses these questions, revealing the surprising capabilities of fishes. With over thirty thousand species, we often overlook how individual fishes think, feel, and behave. Balcombe challenges the notion of fishes as unfeeling entities, presenting them as sentient, aware, and social beings—much like humans. Drawing on the latest scientific research, he offers a fresh perspective on these remarkable creatures, showcasing their breathtaking diversity and beauty. Fishes engage in elaborate courtship rituals, form lifelong bonds, plan, hunt cooperatively, use tools, and even deceive one another. Contrary to the belief that they lead simple lives focused solely on survival, Balcombe illustrates a far richer reality, akin to a grand social narrative. He highlights groundbreaking discoveries from fish enthusiasts and scientists worldwide, alongside his own encounters, to examine how fishes navigate their environments—from shallow tide pools to the ocean's depths. Filled with insights and discoveries, this work encourages a thoughtful reassessment of our relationships with fishes and inspires a more enlightened perspective on the planet’s vulnerable marine life. It promises to change forever how we view our aquatic companions, including the humble pet goldfish.