An untold story reshapes our understanding of Chinese and Tibetan history. From 1956 to 1962, devastating military conflicts erupted in China's southwestern and northwestern regions. Official records scarcely mentioned the campaign, and acknowledgment of the violence has been limited. This work breaks decades-long silence, revealing a comprehensive and explosive picture of the six years that proved definitive in modern Tibetan and Chinese history. The CCP termed the campaign "suppressing the Tibetan rebellion," leading to the 14th Dalai Lama's exile in India and the Tibetan diaspora in 1959, with battles continuing for three more years. Featuring key figures in modern Chinese history, the conflicts spanned a vast geographical area, portraying chaos, deception, heroism, and massive loss. The war resulted in significant death tolls across Tibetan regions and the destruction of most monasteries, aiming to eradicate local religion and scholarship. Despite being deemed a military success, operations in agricultural regions remain largely unknown. In recent years, large numbers of Tibetans have self-immolated to protest Chinese occupation, with many cases occurring in areas heavily affected by this hidden war. The events described will illuminate our current moment and deepen understanding of the Tibetan people's ongoing struggle for freedom.
