Hassan Ali Adrob Abdullah Bücher

Using traditional literary science in preserving endangered languages is designed to maintain the origin of the languages in general, and more particularly, the Beja language, -Bedawiet-, in Eastern part of Sudan. It is basically expected to be beneficial for teachers, who teach in those areas, where English is mainly taught as a second or third language.This book responds to (Morin, 1997), recommendation about preserving Bedawiet language in terms of its rich and oral literature because the available resources are limited. Therefore, the collected songs and poems are first translated into English and an IPA is used to script the Bedawiet sounds.The data summary concludes that the traditional songs had a low average of borrowed words, whereas modern songs have almost 50 % borrowed from Arabic. A judging panel resulted in dropping the number of Arabic borrowed words in the first decade of 2020.It is highly recommended to teach these songs to children at schools by training the teachers in the Centre of Beja Culture at Red Sea University and involving parents in the processes of maintaining the language.

Beja poetry - the poetry of Arka Saber as a model - is an academic attempt aimed at documenting the literary works of the Beja people in Eastern Sudan, which remained lingering deeply in the hearts of the locals for decades. This version dealt with the Saber's model due to its copious production in a short period of time and the necessity of the topics he included in his work as well as its impact on the life of the ordinary person. The researcher began communicating through his comrades and leaders in the Beja Congress to obtain some primary information about the poet. Then he approached the Beja singers to verify the suitability and simplicity of some vocabulary items that were found difficult to understand. Later, the students of the Beja Central at Sudanese universities had great roles in collecting the data by establishing a memorial condolence in his honour. Arka's work was classified and analyzed to highlight the aesthetic aspect, which was summarized in the followings. The poet's interest in the topics he discussed and its composition, as well as the auditory and visual images. However, he used little symbol and avoided ironical expressions for their negative effects on the society, he used on the other hand, a lot of metaphorical expressions and personification.

The book investigates factors affecting the writing of multilingual learners so that it can suggest developing teaching strategies enabling learners such as Bedawiet speakers in the Eastern Sudan to improve writing skill based on the positive sociocultural elements discussed in the study of, (Vanhove, 2006, pp. 6-7). The study uses a mixed approach to analyze the data collected from two different resources. Teachers and two levels of students were involved in the study from the Red Sea State in Sudan. This study concludes environmental elements and textbooks as major challenges besides teaching methods and linguistic difficulties. Consequently, the research recommends associating intensive in-service training programmes with up-to-date effective teaching methods integrated with technology.

Phonological and Lexical Innovation of Arabic Loanwords is designed to maintain second and third language learners' difficulties at all levels. It is basically expected to be beneficial for teachers, who are teaching in these areas, in which English is primarily taught as a second or third language. The author's approach is mainly to contextualize theories beginning with a brief history of the targeted languages and supported that by providing fundamental corpus to exemplify claims. The book is divided into two phases. The first section covers phonological changes of Arabic loanwords in Beja Language with innovations in word pattern and phonemes. The second section concludes with rationales behind types of borrowing lexis from other languages as well as semantic changes that occur in overall meanings of each borrowed or loaned term. The books state recommendations to text book designers.