Monitoring the comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty

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In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which prohibits nuclear explosions globally and establishes a verification system. This system includes 321 monitoring stations worldwide, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections for compliance verification. Seismic methods are crucial for monitoring the CTBT, with a focus on surface waves. These waves serve three main purposes: distinguishing nuclear explosions from other seismic energy sources, mathematically characterizing seismic energy from various sources, and providing data for inversions to determine the seismic velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle for locating small seismic events. The papers in this volume are divided into two categories: those that develop or apply methods to summarize surface wave information and those that utilize these summaries to enhance surface-wave identification, measurement, and source characterization. Covering significant applications of surface waves in CTBT monitoring, this volume offers a comprehensive introduction to current research in the field and serves as a valuable guide for future exploration.