Struggling for autonomy in language education

Pedagogy for autonomy is a continuous struggle for transformative and empowering education. That struggle entails reflecting on what fosters or hinders teacher and learner development, acting towards challenging and reshaping oppressive forces and circumstances, and being willing to deal with complexity, uncertainty and risk-taking, without losing one’s hopes and ideals. Our main purpose is to present and discuss ways in which critical reflecting, acting, and being emerge in contexts of teaching and/or teacher education, not as realisations of a grand theory of pedagogy for autonomy, but rather as local, idiosyncratic struggles to grasp and enhance the meanings that autonomy may (not) take in diverse educational settings. Although from different angles, the chapters highlight the central role of teacher and learner development as interrelated aspects of pedagogy for autonomy in language education.