Space-Time Reference Systems

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The complexity of modern astronomical spatial-temporal reference systems is a result of their high accuracy. This book provides a thorough overview, starting with "The Problem of Time," which includes advancements in clock technology, like optical clocks, and various time scales. It explores the definitions and realization of spatial coordinates based on remote celestial objects such as quasars. After an in-depth discussion of classical equinox-based coordinates, it introduces new paradigms for celestial reference systems that do not rely on Earth's motion. The role of relativity in defining and realizing these systems is also examined. The content is enhanced with exercises (and solutions) and includes Maple files to help readers understand different models and magnitudes. The main applications of high-precision astronomical spatial-temporal reference systems extend to navigation (e.g., GPS, interplanetary spacecraft) and global geodynamics, linking celestial and terrestrial reference systems. Addressing urgent environmental issues requires accurate reference systems that integrate space and time. This book is aimed at those interested in high-precision reference systems and the techniques necessary for their implementation, including GPS, Very Long Baseline Interferometry, Satellite Laser Ranging, and Lunar Laser Ranging, along with the production and dissemination of time signals.