ADQI consensus on AKI biomarkers and cardiorenal syndromes

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Associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and cardio-renal syndromes (CRS), new biomarkers are a significant area of research and therapeutic advancement. This publication includes resolutions from the latest ADQI conferences on biomarkers in AKI and CRS. The first section addresses key questions regarding new biomarkers in AKI, including the most suitable candidate molecules and physiological measures, the robustness of the discovery phase, and how to integrate these biomarkers into the AKI conceptual model, which outlines the progression from susceptibility to organ failure. It also examines how identifying at-risk patients or those with early or subclinical AKI influences clinical practice. The second section reviews current knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms in various forms of CRS, focusing on the five subtypes and exploring acute and chronic damage mechanisms, organ involvement, and pathways of organ crosstalk. By presenting the latest research on biomarkers, AKI, and CRS, this publication serves as a vital educational resource for advanced researchers, clinical experts, students, and fellows.