Nulling Interferometers for Space-based High-Contrast Visible Imaging and Measurement of Exoplanetary Environments

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Recent advancements in high-contrast astronomical imaging have enabled the detection of Solar System-like planets and dust around nearby stars, though these techniques have yet to be tested in space. The nulling interferometer, developed for the PICTURE mission, represents the pinnacle of these systems, designed for optimal spectroscopic study of exo-Earths. Its complex construction, involving multiple optical and dispersive components, enhances performance but also increases costs and the potential for misalignment issues.