Shadow Education and Social Inequalities in Japan

Focusing on Japan's significant reliance on cram schools and private tutoring, the book explores the underlying causes and societal implications of this phenomenon. It delves into how 'shadow education' contributes to social inequalities and offers a thorough examination of its role within the educational landscape. By presenting both theoretical frameworks and empirical analyses, the work provides valuable insights into the impact of this alternative education system on social stratification in Japan.