Socialism Versus the State (1919)

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Emile Vandervelde critiques the state as an instrument of class domination, arguing that true socialism cannot coexist with state structures. He traces the state's origins to class conflict and examines its role in capitalism, positing that socialism, driven by the working class, necessitates the abolition of private property and the state itself. Vandervelde advocates for the creation of alternative institutions, such as workers' councils, and a culture rooted in cooperation and solidarity. This work is a significant contribution to socialist theory and activism.