Pierre-Simon Laplace, 1749-1827

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Laplace's contributions to science include his role in establishing mathematical physics and his philosophical approach to scientific presentation. His notable works, such as the five-volume Traité de mécanique céleste, showcased the mathematical stability of the solar system under Newtonian gravity. In Théorie analytique des probabilités, he transformed probability theory from diverse problems into a rigorous mathematical discipline, enabling statistical inference and error quantification across various fields, including social sciences and medicine.