Protoplasts 1983

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Recent advancements in plant protoplast culture and regeneration focus on various crops, including cereals and other recalcitrant species. This includes the isolation of plant mutants and the exploration of variations arising from culture. Significant progress has been made in systems for protoplast transformation, fusion technologies, and somatic hybridization, which allow for the segregation of organelles and cytoplasmic traits in higher plant hybrids. Research highlights the first mitotic cycle of mesophyll protoplasts and their utility in studying plasma membranes and associated organelles. Protoplasts are also pivotal in plant virus research and have various applications in agriculture, including organelle transfer and genetic transformation. They serve as valuable tools in pathology, virology, and plant-microbe interactions, addressing current gene transfer questions via protoplast fusion in microorganisms. Advances in protoplast fusion and transformation techniques are notable in Streptomyces and Bacillus, as well as in yeast strain improvement. The role of protoplasts in filamentous fungi genetics and metabolite production is explored, alongside interspecific somatic hybridization in Aspergillus. Additionally, the synthesis of wall polymers on regenerating yeast protoplasts and the interactions between liposomes and protoplasts are discussed, along with nutrient transport in yeast protoplasts and the biological signifi