Implementing the 2030 Agenda in Pakistan

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This study explores the significance of an "enabling environment" characterized by good governance and effective public financial management (PFM) in mobilizing resources essential for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) necessitates substantial financial resources, which depend on a supportive institutional and policy framework. An environment with strong governance and efficient PFM can facilitate the mobilization of both domestic and external resources needed for the SDGs. Conversely, ineffective PFM systems, rampant corruption, and low transparency hinder resource mobilization for sustainable development. The study identifies four primary financing sources: domestic, international, public, and private. Although these sources have expanded recently, they remain insufficient for the successful implementation of the 2030 Agenda. The paper evaluates the importance of enabling environments for sustainable development globally and applies this framework to a case study in Pakistan. It examines the operationalization of the 2030 Agenda at the country level, focusing on how the quality of governance impacts domestic resource mobilization (DRM) and the attraction of foreign financing, such as development cooperation and foreign direct investment (FDI). The findings underscore the need for consistent, locally-driven efforts and strong political will to enhance governance