Introduction to astronomy and astrophysics

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This textbook offers essential theoretical and practical insights into astronomy and astrophysics, covering topics from classical astronomy and observational techniques to solar physics and the astrophysics of stars and galaxies. It concludes with sections on cosmology, astrobiology, and mathematical methods. Featuring numerous color illustrations, calculation examples, and exercises with solutions, it serves as a valuable resource for undergraduate astronomy courses. It is designed for physics and astronomy students at the teacher training level or pursuing a Bachelor's degree, as well as anyone with a foundational knowledge of mathematics and physics interested in natural sciences. The updated fourth edition reflects the latest advancements in astronomy, with a redesigned chapter on mathematical methods and a shift to Python for software applications. Key topics include spherical astronomy, the history of astronomy, celestial mechanics, astronomical instruments, solar system bodies, the Sun, stellar atmospheres, stellar evolution, interstellar matter, the Galaxy, extragalactic systems, cosmology, astrobiology, and mathematical methods. This edition is a translation of the original German work, enhanced by artificial intelligence and subsequently revised for content accuracy. Springer Nature is committed to advancing book production technologies and supporting authors in their work.