The Bamasaaba People's Response to the Safe Medical Male Circumcision Policy in Uganda

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The Bamasaaba people of Uganda, organized under the cultural institution Inzu ya Masaaba, uphold a rich tradition centered around the ceremonial ruler, Umukuuka, and the significant practice of traditional male circumcision, known as imbalu. This initiation symbolizes bravery and is performed by traditional surgeons, emphasizing pain endurance as a rite of passage. The cultural significance of imbalu shapes the men's identity, fostering traits like courage and leadership, while contrasting with medical circumcision, which is viewed as undermining traditional masculinity.