Albert Houtum Schindler

The book explores the life and legacy of Albert Houtum Schindler, a preeminent authority on Iranian culture and history during the late-Qajar period. Through his extensive work in various institutions and his vast network of intellectual connections, Schindler documented Iran's gradual modernization from 1868 to 1911. Despite his significant contributions, his personal life remained largely private, leading to sparse obituaries upon his death in 1916. This comprehensive examination reveals his profound insights and the impact he had on understanding Iran's complexities.