Classical Newtonian Gravity

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This textbook provides a clear introduction to classical Newtonian gravitation, essential for understanding classical mechanics and relevant to Astrophysics. The first chapter revisits key elements of vectorial calculus, establishing the formalism for later discussions. Chapter two presents Classical Newtonian gravity theory for both single and multiple point masses, extending to continuous mass distributions. The third chapter focuses on spherical symmetry in mass density (central force), introducing qualitative motion analysis. Subsequent chapters explore non-symmetric mass density distributions and develop classical potential theory, including harmonic theory, crucial for understanding gravitational potential series expansions. The final chapter examines satellite motion around Earth. Throughout the book, examples and exercises enhance comprehension of the theory. This resource is targeted at those advancing beyond a bachelor’s degree, including master’s and PhD students, as well as postgraduates and active researchers in the field. The detailed contents cover vector calculus, potential theory, central force fields, potential series developments, and spherical harmonics, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of gravitational concepts and their applications.